ELECTROMAGNETISM & LIFE

By

Robert O. Becker and Andrew A. Marino

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CONTENTS

 

Publication Information

Preface (pp. ix-x)

Introduction (pp. xi-xiii)

 

Part One: Historical Developments

1. The Origins of Electrobiology (pp. 3-22)

 

Part Two: The Role of Electromagnetic Energy in the Regulation of Life Processes

2. The Physiological Function of Intrinsic Electromagnetic Energy (pp. 26-59)

Introduction (pp. 25-26)

The Nervous System (pp. 26-40)

Growth Control (pp. 40-51)

Bone (pp. 51-55)

Summary (pp. 55-56)

References (pp. 56-59)

 

3. Control of Living Organisms by Natural and Simulated Environmental Electromagnetic Energy (pp. 60-76)

Introduction (pp. 60-61)

Evolution of Life (pp. 62-66)

Biological Cycles (pp. 66-70)

Positional and Navigational Aids (pp. 70-74)

References (pp. 75-76)

 

Part Three: Laboratory Studies of the Adaptability of Organisms to Electromagnetic Energy

 

4. Electrical Properties of Biological Tissue (pp. 79-95)

Introduction (p. 79)

Energy Bands (pp. 79-81)

Piezoelectricity (pp. 81-84)

Superconductivity (pp. 84-86)

Techniques of Application of Electromagnetic Fields (pp. 86-91)

Summary (pp. 91-92)

References (pp. 92-95)

 

5. Effects of Electromagnetic Energy on the Nervous System (pp. 96-111)

Introduction (p. 96)

Direct Effects (pp. 97-102)

Behavioral Effects (pp. 102-105)

Summary (pp. 105-107)

References (pp. 107-111)

 

6. Effects of Electromagnetic Energy on the Endocrine System (pp. 112-121)

Introduction (pp. 112-115)

The Adrenal Cortex (pp. 115-117)

The Thyroid (p. 117)

The Adrenal Medulla and the Pancreatic Islets (pp. 117-119)

Summary (pp. 119-120)

References (pp. 120-121)

 

7. Effects of Electromagnetic Energy on the Cardiovascular and Hematological Systems (pp. 122-133)

Introduction (p. 122)

The Cardiovascular System (p. 123-124)

Blood (pp. 124-127)

Immune Response (pp. 127-130)

Summary (pp. 130-131)

References (pp. 131-133)

 

8. Effects of Electromagnetic Energy on Biological Functions (pp. 134-158)

Introduction (p. 134)

Intermediary Metabolism (pp. 134-141)

Reproduction, Growth and Healing(pp. 141-148)

Mutagenesis (pp. 148-150)

Uncontrolled Variables (pp. 150-153)

Summary (pp. 153-155)

References (pp. 155-158)

 

9. Mechanisms of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Energy (pp. 159-171)

Introduction (pp. 159-160)

Cybernetic Approach (pp. 160-162)

Analytic Approach (pp. 162-167)

Summary (pp. 167-170)

References (p. 171)

 

Part Four: Applied Electromagnetic Energy: Risks and Benefits

 

10. Health Risks Due to Artificial Electromagnetic Energy in the Environment (pp. 175-195)

Introduction (pp. 175-177)

Levels in the Environment (pp. 177-183)

Epidemiological Studies and Surveys (pp. 183-188)

Analysis (pp. 188-190)

Summary (p. 191)

References (pp. 191-195)

 

11. Special Topics Concerning Electromagnetic Energy

Therapeutic Applications (pp. 196-197)

Acupuncture (pp. 197-200)

Impacts on Natural Ecological Systems (pp. 200-201)

References (pp. 201-203)

 

Summary (pp. 205-206)

Index (pp. 207-211)

 

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